The Fallacy of Irrigation Modernization

Many countries are keen to move away from traditional surface irrigation systems to more modern and efficient systems such as drip and sprinkler irrigation. Surface irrigation systems are less efficient in terms of water application because more water is lost through runoff and deep percolation. However, the losses at field level can be partially or fully recovered at the scheme or basin levels by reusing drainage and runoff or extracting water that has percolated into groundwater aquifers